操作服务器：主数据库
#备份mysql中所有数据库数据
./mysqldump -h主数据库ip -uroot -p -P3308 --all-databases > /data0/all_db.sql
2、停库
操作服务器：主备数据库均操作
systemctl stop mysqld.service
#查看是否有进程
ps -ef|grep mysql
3、更改mysql数据目录
操作服务器主数据库，从数据库
mv /data0/mysql_data /data0/mysql_data_bak0617
4、修改配置文件
操作服务器：主数据库，从数据库
vim /etc/my.cnf
在mysqld内最后一行增加：
lower_case_table_names=1
5、初始化mysql
操作服务器：主数据库，从数据库
systemctl restart mysqld.service ###本次重启无效，需要初始化数据库，见下方
主库初始化数据库
#初始化数据库，使用mysql用户，配置文件为自己定义的配置文件路径
[root@host197 bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
?
2021-06-17T09:43:42.456722Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] ‘Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it‘ is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2021-06-17T09:43:42.456830Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.22) initializing of server in progress as process 120206
2021-06-17T09:43:42.457986Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: ‘utf8‘ is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
2021-06-17T09:43:42.490413Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2021-06-17T09:43:47.935612Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2021-06-17T09:44:01.978514Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 4G(bUW.Fwnzd
### 4G(bUW.Fwnzd为root初始密码
重启数据库
systemctl start mysqld.service
198从库初始化
先删除/data0/mysql_data
[root@host198 bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql 2021-06-17T09:48:34.415782Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] ‘Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it‘ is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. 2021-06-17T09:48:34.415881Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.22) initializing of server in progress as process 35472 2021-06-17T09:48:34.417050Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: ‘utf8‘ is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous. 2021-06-17T09:48:34.417631Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010457] [Server] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2021-06-17T09:48:34.417645Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory /data0/mysql_data/ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it. 2021-06-17T09:48:34.417730Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting 2021-06-17T09:48:34.417908Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.22) MySQL Community Server - GPL. [root@host198 bin]# rm -rf /data0/mysql_data [root@host198 bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql 2021-06-17T09:48:58.637192Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] ‘Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it‘ is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. 2021-06-17T09:48:58.637291Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.22) initializing of server in progress as process 35476 2021-06-17T09:48:58.638395Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: ‘utf8‘ is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous. 2021-06-17T09:48:58.699969Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2021-06-17T09:49:08.820121Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2021-06-17T09:49:35.582394Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Rq,iajL#z0s:
6、修改用户名密码
操作服务器：主数据库，从数据库
6.1修改root密码
操作服务器：主数据库，从数据库两台都修改
#登录mysql ./mysql -uroot -p --socket=/usr/local/mysql/var/lib/mysql8/mysql8.sock #使用上述初始化后的密码登录 #命令行下执行修改密码 alter user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘Ynyd#1234‘;
7、在master服务器上添加slave账号
7.1主库操作
操作服务器：主数据库
./mysql -uroot -p --socket=/usr/local/mysql/var/lib/mysql8/mysql8.sock
mysql> create user ‘slave‘@‘从数据库‘ identified with mysql_native_password by ‘Ynyd#1234‘; mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to ‘slave‘@‘从数据库‘; mysql>flush privileges; mysql>show master status; ###查看File和Position，为下面的从库执行start slave做准备 mysql> select user,host from user; +------------------+----------------+ | user | host | +------------------+----------------+ | root | % | | slave | 从数据库 | | mysql.infoschema | localhost | | mysql.session | localhost | | mysql.sys | localhost | +------------------+----------------+ #初始化后需要使所有服务器能登录，操作如下 mysql>use mysql； mysql>update user set user.Host=‘%‘where user.User=‘root‘; mysql>flush privileges;
7.2在从库执行
####配置主库信息####
mysql> change master to master_host=‘主数据库‘,
-> master_port=3308,master_user=‘slave‘,master_password=‘Ynyd#1234‘,master_log_file=‘master-bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=1;
#master_host为master的ip
#master_port为master的端口
#master_user在master创建的从库使用的账号
#master_log_file在master上使用show master status查询的File
#master_log_pos在master上使用show master status查询的Position，为1为从头开始
mysql> start slave; # 开启主从同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G; # 查看主从同步状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 主数据库
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3308
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 426779408
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 344142597 #此处只要有数据同步就是变化的
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes # Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running的状态都为Yes表示主从同步设置成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ## Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running的状态都为Yes表示主从同步设置成功
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 344142380
Relay_Log_Space: 426780051
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 1671
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 198
Master_UUID: 9bfb569a-cf53-11eb-87c5-485702cd7891
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: waiting for handler commit
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>
8、恢复数据
操作服务器：主数据库
[root@host197 data0]# mysql -h主数据库 -uroot -p -P3308 < all_db061717.sql Enter password:
------------恢复内容结束------------
mysql8更改大小写敏感（现网环境）
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